Coronary artery disease:

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial ischemia, or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to the build-up of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries of the heart. It is the most common cardiovascular disease.

Myocardial infarction:

A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw. Often it occurs in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired.

Cardiac stress test:

A cardiac stress test (also referred to as a cardiac diagnostic test, cardiopulmonary exercise test, or abbreviated CPX test) is a cardiological test that measures the heart’s ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment. The stress response is induced by exercise or by intravenous pharmacological stimulation.

Valvular heart disease:

Valvular heart disease is any cardiovascular disease process involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left side of the heart and the pulmonic and tricuspid valves on the right side of the heart). These conditions occur largely as a consequence of aging, but may also be the result of congenital (inborn) abnormalities or specific diseases or physiologic processes including rheumatic heart disease and pregnancy.

Hypertensive heart disease:

Hypertensive heart disease includes a number of complications of high blood pressure that affect the heart.